Tool to compute and simplify a square root. The square root for a number N, is the number noted sqrt(N) that, multiplied by itself, equals N.
Square Root - dCode
Tag(s) : Symbolic Computation, Functions
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Square Root
Square Root Calculator
Expression with Square Root Simplification
Batch Square Root Computation
Answers to Questions (FAQ)
What is a square root? (Definition)
A square root of $ x $ (or radical of $ x $) is a mathematical concept noted $ \sqrt{x} $ (ou sqrt(x)) that refers to the number that, when multiplied by itself, produces the number $ x $.
Example: The square root of $ 9 $ is $ 3 $ that is written $ \sqrt{9} = 3 $, because $ 3 \times 3 = 9 $
Generally, numbers have 2 roots, a positive and a negative, but the negative is usually omitted.
Example: It would be more accurate to write: the square roots of $ 9 $ are $ 3 $ and $ -3 $ which is written $ \sqrt{9} = \pm 3 $, indeed, $ 3 \times 3 = 9 = (-3) \times (-3) = 9 $
How to calculate a square root?
There are several methods to calculate a root square.
— By hand framing: the classic method is to estimate the value by calculating which integers squared would give a minimum interval.
Example: Enclosing $ \sqrt{8} $: $ 2^2 = 4 < 8 < 9 = 3^3 $ so $ 2 < \sqrt{8} < 3 $, it is then possible to enclose the first digit after the comma: $ 2.8^2 < 8 < 2.9^2 $ etc.
— By extraction of squares: if the number under the root is factorized with squares, then it is possible to extract them from the root.
Example: Factorization of $ \sqrt{8} = \sqrt{ 4 \times 2 } = \sqrt{ 2^2 \times 2 } = 2 \sqrt{2} $. Since $ \sqrt{2} \approx 1.414 $, then $ \sqrt{8} \approx 2.828 $
— With a square root calculator like this one from dCode:
Enter a positive or negative number (in this case, it will have complex roots).
Choose the format of the result, either an exact value (if it is an integer or variables) or approximate (decimal number with adjustable precision by defining a minimum number of significant digits)
Example: $ \sqrt{12} = 2 \sqrt{3} \approx 3.464 $
Example: $ \sqrt{-1} = i $ (complex root)
What are square root properties?
For any positive real number $ a \in \mathbb{R}_+^* $
$$ \sqrt{a^2} = a \\ \left( \sqrt{a} \right)^2 = a $$
For any number $ b $
$$ \sqrt{a \times b} = \sqrt{a} \times \sqrt{b} \\ \sqrt{ \frac{a}{b} } = \frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}} \\ \sqrt{a^2 \times b} = a \sqrt{b} $$
How to simplify a square root?
The simplification of a square root generally passes by the factorization of the component under the root by one or more squares.
Example: $ \sqrt{20} = \sqrt{ 2^2 \times 5 } = \sqrt{ 2^2 } \times \sqrt{ 5 } = 2 \sqrt{ 5 } $
Use the prime factors decomposition if necessary
How to simplify a fraction with square root?
If the denominator is a radical, then multiply the numerator and the denominator by it to make it disappear.
$$\frac{a}{\sqrt{b}} = \frac{a\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}^2} = \frac{a\sqrt{b}}{b} $$
If the denominator is an addition or subtraction of roots, then apply the remarkable identity: $ (a+b)(a-b) = a^2-b^2 $
$$ \frac{a}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}} = \frac{a(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c})}{(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c})} = \frac{a\sqrt{b}-a\sqrt{c}}{b-c} $$
$$ \frac{a}{\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}} = \frac{a(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})}{(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c})(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c})} = \frac{a\sqrt{b}+a\sqrt{c}}{b-c} $$
How to write a square root?
In Unicode format there is the character √ (U+221A).
In computer formulas, sqrt() function is most often used.
Terms root, radix ou radicand sont équivalents.
Why calculate square roots?
Square roots are needed in many areas of mathematics.
Example: In algebra: in algebraic calculations, the roots are used to solve polynomial equations of the type $ x^2 + 2x + 1 = 0 $
Example: In geometry: in length calculations (or vector norms), roots are used to find solutions to the Pythagorean theorem $ a^2 + b^2 = c^2 $
What does sqrt mean?
The word sqrt is generally used in the formula to indicate a square root, the word comes from the contraction of square root.
Example: sqrt(2) = $ \sqrt{2} $
What is a square number?
A square number is the square of an integer.
Example: $ 3 $ is an integer, $ 3^2 = 3 \times 3 = 9 $ then $ 9 $ is a square number.
If the square root of a number $ x $ is an integer, then $ x $ is a square number.
Source code
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Cite as source (bibliography):
Square Root on dCode.fr [online website], retrieved on 2023-12-05,
- Square Root Calculator
- Expression with Square Root Simplification
- Batch Square Root Computation
- What is a square root? (Definition)
- How to calculate a square root?
- What are square root properties?
- How to simplify a square root?
- How to simplify a fraction with square root?
- How to write a square root?
- Why calculate square roots?
- What does sqrt mean?
- What is a square number?
