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Second Derivative

Tool for Second Derivative calculation f''. The second derivative is the application of the derivation tool to the (first) derivative of a function, a double derivation on the same variable.

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Second Derivative -

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Second Derivative

Second Derivative Calculator



Answers to Questions (FAQ)

What is a second derivative? (Definition)

The second derivative (or second order derivative) is the application of the derivative on the (first) derivative of a function.

The second derivative therefore measures the variation of the first derivative of the function.

$$ f´´(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x+h)-2f(x)+f(x-h)}{h^{2}} $$

How to calculate a second derivative?

Calculate the derivative of the function(also called the first derivative), then the derivative of the derivative (called second derivative)

Example: $$ f(x) = x^2+\sin(x) \\ f´(x) = 2 x+\cos(x) \\ f´´(x) = 2 - \sin(x) $$

In physics the second derivative is usually used for acceleration calculations, in economics it allows us to analyze phenomena linked to growth rates.

What is the list of common second derivatives?

The second derivatives to know are:

NameFunctionSecond Derivative
constant/number$$ k \in \mathbb{R} $$$$ 0 $$
variable (only)$$ x $$$$ 0 $$
power n (exponent)$$ x^n $$$$ n(n-1) x^{n-2} $$
inverse$$ \frac{1}{x} $$$$ \frac{2}{x^3} $$
square root$$ \sqrt{x} $$$$ -\frac{1}{4x^{3/2}} $$
natural logarithm$$ \ln |x| $$$$ -\frac{1}{x^2} $$
exponential$$ e^x $$$$ e^x $$
exponent x$$ a^x $$$$ a^x (\ln(a))^2 $$
sine$$ \sin(x) $$$$ -\sin(x) $$
cosine$$ \cos(x) $$$$ -\cos(x) $$
tangent$$ \tan(x) $$$$ \frac{2\tan(x)}{\cos^2(x)} $$

How to write a second derivative?

A second derivative can be written $ f´´(x) $ or $ f^{(2)}(x) $ or $ \ddot{f} $ (double dot) or $ \frac{d^2f}{dx^2} $.

On dCode use f ' ' which is the most used notation (and the fastest to write).

How to use the second derivative for a monotony table?

The second derivative is used to know the variation of the slope of the curve representing the function. For a given interval:

— a positive second derivative means an increase of the slope (convex function)

— a negative second derivative signifies a decrease in thought (concave function)

— a zero second derivative means a straight / straight curve

For a given point:

— a second derivative canceling with a change of sign means a point of inflection, the curvature of the graphical representation changes and is reversed. It is a stationary point that can be a maximum of the function or a minimum of the function.

Which functions do not have a second order derivative?

Any function that is non-continuous, and / or non-differentiable in at least one point, does not have a second derivative. See the tools definition domains of a function, and the differentiation/derivative domain of a function calculator.

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