Tool to reduce a matrix to its echelon row form (reduced). A row reduced matrix has an increasing number of zeros starting from the left on each row.
Matrix Reduced Row Echelon Form - dCode
Tag(s) : Matrix
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Answers to Questions (FAQ)
What is a matrix in row echelon form? (Definition)
An reduced row echelon form matrix (RREF) is a matrix of the form $$ \begin{bmatrix} \oplus & * & * & * \\ 0 & 0 & \oplus & * \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \oplus \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $$
The $ * $ are any coefficients and the $ \oplus $ are non-zero coefficients called pivots.
A row reduced matrix is an echelon matrix whose pivots are 1 with coefficients in the column of the pivot equal to zero.
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & * & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $$
How to transform a matrix into an echelon matrix?
The transformation method of any matrix into a reduced row echelon matrix is possible by means of row operations such as:
— the permutation of 2 rows
— the multiplication of a row by a non-zero constant
— the addition of a row or a multiple of a row
Example: The following matrix $ M $ can be reduced in row echelon form in 4 steps: $$ M = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 2 & 4 & 8 \end{bmatrix} $$
1/ Permutation of row 2 and 3 to get a row 3 filled with $ 0 $.
2/ Multiplication if the new row 2 by 1/2 (ou division par 2) : $ \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 4 & 8 \end{bmatrix} $ becomes $ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 4 \end{bmatrix} $
3/ subtraction of row 1 to row 2: $ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 4 \end{bmatrix} - \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} $
4/ subtraction of 3 times row 2 to row 1: $ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \end{bmatrix} - 3 \cdot \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $.
The matrix in row echelon form is $$ \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} $$
This method is called Gaussian elimination.
How to echelon a matrix with Gauss method?
dCode has a page on Gauss elimination method, its result is a reduction of the starting matrix.
Source code
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