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Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad)

Tool to decode/encode with Vernam (One Time Pad). The Vernam Cipher is the name given to any cipher whose key is as long as the text, which reduces cryptanalysis attempts.

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Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad) -

Tag(s) : Poly-Alphabetic Cipher

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Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad)

Vernam Cipher

Vernam is a generic name to describe any one time pad encryption, several implementations are possible, dCode offers Vigenère or XOR (see FAQ):

Vernam (Vigenere) Cipher

⮞ Go to: Vigenere Cipher

Vernam (XOR) Cipher

⮞ Go to: XOR Cipher
See also: Baudot Code

Answers to Questions (FAQ)

What is the Vernam cipher? (Definition)

The Vernam cipher, also known as one time pad cipher, is an encryption method that relies on the use of a secret key to make a message unreadable to third parties. It takes its name from its inventor, Gilbert S. Vernam. In order to guarantee maximum security, the key must never be reused, hence its other name: one time pad / disposable mask.

Its original implementation is described in a patent which allowed Baudot code to be encrypted via an XOR operation. However, its cryptographic advantages helped to spread its use and the method was applied to various key ciphers, such as Vigenère.

How to encrypt using Vernam (Vigenere) cipher?

The Vernam Chiffre uses the Vigenere encryption method, but with an encryption key which must have a number of letters identical to or greater than the number of characters in the plain message.

Example: To encrypt DCODE, a key of at least 5 letters is needed (KEYWORD, PASSWORD, etc).

If the key is not long enough, it will be repeated, as in the Vigenere cipher, but this introduces a cryptographic weakness in the message.

How to encrypt using Vernam (XOR) cipher?

The Vernam cipher can use the XOR encryption method, but with an encryption key that must have a bit size identical to or greater than the bit size of the plain message.

Example: To encrypt 010101, a key of at least 6 bits is required.

How to decrypt a Vernam ciphertext?

Decryption depends on the encryption method used, Vernam makes no changes to the usual decryption.

How to decipher Vernam (Vigenere) without key?

If the key length is as long as the text length AND the key is random, then no cryptanalysis method can crack Vernam.

If the key is not random, then a probable plaintext word attack could make it possible to guess part of the key (and can be deduce the rest from it), or an attack by analysis of frequencies could make it possible to find the language of the message and decrease the possibilities for a brute force attack.

If the key is reused on several messages, then Vigeneres' attacks are usable again.

When Vernam cipher was invented?

First example were found at the end of the 19th century and Vernam described it in 1917.

Source code

dCode retains ownership of the "Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad)" source code. Except explicit open source licence (indicated Creative Commons / free), the "Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad)" algorithm, the applet or snippet (converter, solver, encryption / decryption, encoding / decoding, ciphering / deciphering, breaker, translator), or the "Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad)" functions (calculate, convert, solve, decrypt / encrypt, decipher / cipher, decode / encode, translate) written in any informatic language (Python, Java, PHP, C#, Javascript, Matlab, etc.) and all data download, script, or API access for "Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad)" are not public, same for offline use on PC, mobile, tablet, iPhone or Android app!
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Vernam Cipher (One Time Pad) on dCode.fr [online website], retrieved on 2024-10-05, https://www.dcode.fr/vernam-cipher

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