Search for a tool
Number Sets

Tool to understand sets of numbers N, Z, Q, R, I, C. Number sets are groups of numbers constructed by mathematicians in order to define them and classify them.

Results

Number Sets -

Tag(s) : Arithmetics, Notation System

Share
dCode and more

dCode is free and its tools are a valuable help in games, maths, geocaching, puzzles and problems to solve every day!
A suggestion ? a feedback ? a bug ? an idea ? Write to dCode!

Please, check our dCode Discord community for help requests!
NB: for encrypted messages, test our automatic cipher identifier!

Thanks to your feedback and relevant comments, dCode has developed the best 'Number Sets' tool, so feel free to write! Thank you!

# Number Sets

## Number Sets Calculator

### Number Sets Checker

 Set Test all sets N: natural integers Z: relative integers D: decimal numbers Q: rational numbers R: real numbers I: pure imaginary numbers C: complex numbers

### What are common number sets?

In mathematics, there are multiple sets: the natural numbers N (or ℕ), the set of integers Z (or ℤ), all decimal numbers D or $\mathbb{D}$, the set of rational numbers Q (or ℚ), the set of real numbers R (or ℝ) and the set of complex numbers C (or ℂ). These 5 sets are sometimes abbreviated as NZQRC.

Other sets like the set of decimal numbers D or $\mathbb{D}$, or the set of pure imaginary numbers I or $\mathbb{I}$ are sometimes used. There are also sets of transcendantal numbers, quaternions, or hypercomplex numbers, but they are reserved for advanced mathematical theories, NZQRC are the most common sets.

### What does the symbol ∈ means?

The sign (Unicode 2208) means element of or belongs to.

Example: $2 \in \mathbb{N}$ is read 2 is an element of the set N

There is also the sign (Unicode 220A) which is the same but smaller.

The sign (Unicode 2209) means is not an element of or does not belong to.

Example: $-2 \notin \mathbb{N}$

The sign (Unicode 2282) means is included in or is a subset of

### What is the N number set?

In maths, N is the set of natural numbers

Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... 10, 11, ..., 100, ... $\in \mathbb{N}$

$\mathbb{N}^*$ (N asterisk) is the set of natural numbers except 0 (zero), it is also referred as $\mathbb{N}^{+}$

NB: Some (old) textbooks indicate the letter W instead of N for this set, W stands for Whole numbers

The set N is included in sets Z, D, Q, R and C.

### What is the Z number set?

Z is the set of integers, ie. positive, negative or zero.

Example: ..., -100, ..., -12, -11, -10, ..., -5, -4, -3, -2, - 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... 10, 11, 12, ..., 100, ... $\in \mathbb{Z}$

$\mathbb{Z}^*$ (Z asterisk) is the set of integers except 0 (zero).

The set Z is included in sets D, Q, R and C.

The set N is included in the set Z (because all natural numbers are part of the relative integers). Any number in N is also in Z.

### What is the D number set?

D is the set of decimal numbers (its use is rare and mainly limited to Europe)

$$\mathbb {D} = \left\{ \frac{a}{10^{p}} , a \in \mathbb{Z}, p \in \mathbb {N} \right\}$$

All decimals in D are numbers that can be written with a finite number of digits (numbers containing a dot and a finite decimal part).

Example: -123.45, -2.1, -1, 0, 5, 6.7, 8.987654 $\in \mathbb{D}$

The numbers using suspension points ... for their decimal writing therefore have an infinite number of decimal places and therefore do not belong to the set D.

The set D is included in sets Q, R and C.

The sets N and Z are included in the set D (because all integers are decimal numbers that have no decimal places). Any number in N or Z is also in D.

### What is the Q number set?

Q is the set of rational numbers, ie. represented by a fraction a/b with a belonging to Z and b belonging to Z * (excluding division by 0).

Example: 1/3, -4/1, 17/34, 1/123456789 $\in \mathbb{Q}$

The set Q is included in sets R and C.

Sets N, Z and D are included in the set Q (because all these numbers can be written in fraction). Any number in N or Z or D is also in Q.

### What is the R number set?

R is the set of real numbers, ie. all numbers that can actually exist, it contains in addition to rational numbers, non-rational numbers or irrational as $\pi$ or $\sqrt{2}$.

Irrational numbers have an infinite, non-periodic decimal part.

Example: $\pi$, $\sqrt{2}$, $\sqrt{3}$, ... $\in \mathbb{R}$

$\mathbb{R}^*$ (R asterisk) is the set of non-zero real numbers, so all but 0 (zero), also written $\mathbb{R}_{\neq0}$

$\mathbb{R}_+$ (R plus) is the set of positive (including zero) real numbers, also written $\mathbb{R}_{\geq0}$

$\mathbb{R}_-$ (R minus) is the set of negative (including zero) real numbers, also written $\mathbb{R}_{\leq0}$

$\mathbb{R}_+^*$ (R asterisk plus) is the set of non-zero positive real numbers, also written $\mathbb{R}_{>0}$

$\mathbb{R}_-^*$ (R asterisk minus) is the set of non-zero negative real numbers, also written $\mathbb{R}_{<0}$

The set R is included in the set C.

Sets N, Z, D and Q are included in the set R. Any number in N or Z or D or Q is also in R.

### What is the I number set?

I is the set of (pure) imaginary numbers, that is to say complex numbers without real parts, the square roots of negative real numbers are pure imaginaries.

Example: $i \in \mathbb{I}$ with $i^2=-1$

The set I is included in the set C.

### What is the C number set?

C is the set of complex numbers, a set created by mathematicians as an extension of the set of real numbers to which are added the numbers comprising an imaginary part.

Example: $a + i b \in \mathbb{C}$

Sets N, Z, D, Q, R and I are included in the set C. Any number in N or Z or D or Q or R or I is also in C.

### What is the Ø empty set?

The empty set is noted Ø, as its name indicates it is empty, it does not contain any number.

### What is a constructible number?

Constructible numbers are all numbers that can be geometrically drawn through a straightedge and compass construction.

Example: $\sqrt{2}$ is a constructible number, but $\pi$ is not.

### What is an algebraic numbers?

Algebraic numbers are a set of numbers that can be calculated as a root of a polynomial with rational coefficients.

### What is a transcendantal number?

Transcendent numbers are a set of numbers that cannot be calculated as a root of a polynomial with rational coefficients (so not algebraic).

Among the real or complex numbers, the majority are transcendent numbers.

### What are irrational numbers?

Irrational numbers are a set of numbers that cannot be written as a fraction (i.e. all numbers that are not in $\mathbb{Q}$)

### What are E and O number sets?

Some books define the sets E for even numbers and O for odd numbers. This is not a standard notation.

### What are inclusions of sets?

The links between the different sets are represented by inclusions: $$N \subset Z \subset D \subset Q \subset R \subset C$$

The subset symbol is that of inclusion (broad sense), A ⊆ B if every element of A is an element of B.

The subset symbol or is that of proper inclusion (strict sense), A ⊂ B if every element of A is an element of B and A ≠ B.

### Why the letter Q for Rationals?

The letter Q was chosen for the word Quotient.

### What does R^2 means (or other power) of a set?

If an element belongs to $\mathbb{X}^n$ where $X$ is a set and $n$ an integer, then it is a tuple of numbers (containing $n$ numbers).

Example: The point P (a, b) of the 2D plane belongs to $\mathbb{R}^2$.

Example: The point P (a, b, c) has integer coordinates, it belongs to the 3D grid $\mathbb{Z}^3$.

### How to write a number set in LaTeX?

A set of numbers is written with the mathbb tag: \mathbb{Z} for $\mathbb{Z}$

## Source code

dCode retains ownership of the online 'Number Sets' tool source code. Except explicit open source licence (indicated CC / Creative Commons / free), any 'Number Sets' algorithm, applet or snippet (converter, solver, encryption / decryption, encoding / decoding, ciphering / deciphering, translator), or any 'Number Sets' function (calculate, convert, solve, decrypt / encrypt, decipher / cipher, decode / encode, translate) written in any informatic language (Python, Java, PHP, C#, Javascript, Matlab, etc.) and no data download, script, copy-paste, or API access for 'Number Sets' will be for free, same for offline use on PC, tablet, iPhone or Android ! dCode is free and online.

## Need Help ?

Please, check our dCode Discord community for help requests!
NB: for encrypted messages, test our automatic cipher identifier!