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Trigrams

Tool to analyze trigrams appearance frequency in a message. A trigram is the association of 3 characters, usually 3 letters that appear consecutively in a message.

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Trigrams - dCode

Tag(s) : Cryptography, Cryptanalysis

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Trigrams

Cryptography
Trigrams

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Trigrams Frequency Analysis

Text to analyze

Allowed characters in trigrams

Letters (A-Z) only
Letters (A-Z) and digits (0-9) only
Digits (0-9) only
Only these characters:
All characters (including punctuation and symbols)
Standardization of letters (Ignore Upper-Lower Case and Diacritics)

Trigrams Parameters

Analyze

by Blocks (ABCDEF => ABC,DEF)
by sliding (ABCDEF => ABC,BCD,CDE,DEF)

Keep words borders (ABC_DE ≠ ABCDE)

Action

Compute Frequencies
Count Appearances
List missing letters/ngrams
Count triple trigrams (AAA, BBB, ...)
Monoalphabetic Decryption

➠ Frequency Analysis

Tool to analyze trigrams appearance frequency in a message. A trigram is the association of 3 characters, usually 3 letters that appear consecutively in a message.

Answers to Questions

How to analyse trigrams?

Trigrams are used in some encryptions in cryptography. There are 2 main modes of appearance of trigrams:

- A trigram can appear when a single character (or a bigram) is encrypted by 3 characters.

Example: A can become 'BCD', or AB can become CDE

- A trigram can be derived from the encryption of another trigram

Example: ABC can become DEF

What are the most common trigrams in english?

The top 100 trigrams that appear in the english language are :

THE	1.87%	AND	0.78%	ING	0.69%	HER	0.42%
THA	0.37%	ENT	0.36%	ERE	0.33%	ION	0.33%
ETH	0.32%	NTH	0.32%	HAT	0.31%	INT	0.29%
FOR	0.28%	ALL	0.27%	STH	0.26%	TER	0.26%
EST	0.26%	TIO	0.26%	HIS	0.25%	OFT	0.24%
HES	0.24%	ITH	0.24%	ERS	0.24%	ATI	0.24%
OTH	0.23%	FTH	0.23%	DTH	0.23%	VER	0.22%
TTH	0.22%	THI	0.22%	REA	0.21%	SAN	0.21%
WIT	0.21%	ATE	0.2%	ARE	0.2%	EAR	0.19%
RES	0.19%	ONT	0.18%	TIN	0.18%	ESS	0.18%
RTH	0.18%	WAS	0.18%	SOF	0.18%	EAN	0.17%
YOU	0.17%	SIN	0.17%	STO	0.17%	IST	0.17%
EDT	0.16%	EOF	0.16%	EVE	0.16%	ONE	0.16%
AST	0.16%	ONS	0.16%	DIN	0.16%	OME	0.16%
CON	0.16%	ERA	0.16%	STA	0.15%	OUR	0.15%
NCE	0.15%	TED	0.15%	GHT	0.15%	HEM	0.15%
MAN	0.15%	HEN	0.15%	NOT	0.15%	ORE	0.15%
OUT	0.15%	ORT	0.15%	ESA	0.15%	ERT	0.15%
SHE	0.14%	ANT	0.14%	NGT	0.14%	EDI	0.14%
ERI	0.14%	EIN	0.14%	NDT	0.14%	NTO	0.14%
ATT	0.14%	ECO	0.13%	AVE	0.13%	MEN	0.13%
HIN	0.13%	HEA	0.13%	IVE	0.13%	EDA	0.13%
INE	0.13%	RAN	0.13%	HEC	0.13%	TAN	0.13%
RIN	0.13%	ILL	0.13%	NDE	0.13%	THO	0.13%
HAN	0.13%	COM	0.12%	IGH	0.12%	AIN	0.12%

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Source code

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Summary

Trigrams Frequency Analysis

How to analyse trigrams?
What are the most common trigrams in english?

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Keywords

trigram,three,3,character,letter,substitution

Links

Source : https://www.dcode.fr/trigrams

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