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Trigrams

Tool to analyze trigrams appearance frequency in a message. A trigram is the association of 3 characters, usually 3 letters that appear consecutively in a message.

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Trigrams - dCode

Tag(s) : Cryptanalysis

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Trigrams

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Trigrams Frequency Analysis

Text to analyze

Allowed characters in trigrams

Letters (A-Z) only
Letters (A-Z) and digits (0-9) only
Digits (0-9) only
Only these characters:
All characters (including punctuation and symbols)
Standardization of letters (Ignore Upper-Lower Case and Diacritics)

Trigrams Parameters

Analyze

by Blocks (ABCDEF => ABC,DEF)
by sliding (ABCDEF => ABC,BCD,CDE,DEF)

Keep words borders (ABC_DE ≠ ABCDE)

Action

Compute Frequencies
Count Appearances
List missing letters/ngrams
Count triple trigrams (AAA, BBB, ...)
Monoalphabetic Decryption

See also: Frequency Analysis

Tool to analyze trigrams appearance frequency in a message. A trigram is the association of 3 characters, usually 3 letters that appear consecutively in a message.

Answers to Questions

How to analyse trigrams?

Trigrams (groups of three 3 letters) are used in some encryptions in cryptography. There are 2 main modes of appearance of trigrams:

- A trigram can appear when a single character (or a bigram) is encrypted by 3 characters.

Example: A can become 'BCD', or AB can become CDE

- A trigram can be derived from the encryption of another trigram

Example: ABC can become DEF

What are the most common trigrams in english?

The top 100 trigrams that appear in the english language are :

THE	1.87%	AND	0.78%	ING	0.69%	HER	0.42%
THA	0.37%	ENT	0.36%	ERE	0.33%	ION	0.33%
ETH	0.32%	NTH	0.32%	HAT	0.31%	INT	0.29%
FOR	0.28%	ALL	0.27%	STH	0.26%	TER	0.26%
EST	0.26%	TIO	0.26%	HIS	0.25%	OFT	0.24%
HES	0.24%	ITH	0.24%	ERS	0.24%	ATI	0.24%
OTH	0.23%	FTH	0.23%	DTH	0.23%	VER	0.22%
TTH	0.22%	THI	0.22%	REA	0.21%	SAN	0.21%
WIT	0.21%	ATE	0.2%	ARE	0.2%	EAR	0.19%
RES	0.19%	ONT	0.18%	TIN	0.18%	ESS	0.18%
RTH	0.18%	WAS	0.18%	SOF	0.18%	EAN	0.17%
YOU	0.17%	SIN	0.17%	STO	0.17%	IST	0.17%
EDT	0.16%	EOF	0.16%	EVE	0.16%	ONE	0.16%
AST	0.16%	ONS	0.16%	DIN	0.16%	OME	0.16%
CON	0.16%	ERA	0.16%	STA	0.15%	OUR	0.15%
NCE	0.15%	TED	0.15%	GHT	0.15%	HEM	0.15%
MAN	0.15%	HEN	0.15%	NOT	0.15%	ORE	0.15%
OUT	0.15%	ORT	0.15%	ESA	0.15%	ERT	0.15%
SHE	0.14%	ANT	0.14%	NGT	0.14%	EDI	0.14%
ERI	0.14%	EIN	0.14%	NDT	0.14%	NTO	0.14%
ATT	0.14%	ECO	0.13%	AVE	0.13%	MEN	0.13%
HIN	0.13%	HEA	0.13%	IVE	0.13%	EDA	0.13%
INE	0.13%	RAN	0.13%	HEC	0.13%	TAN	0.13%
RIN	0.13%	ILL	0.13%	NDE	0.13%	THO	0.13%
HAN	0.13%	COM	0.12%	IGH	0.12%	AIN	0.12%

For information/comparison, in French language it is:

ENT	0.84%	LES	0.77%	QUE	0.62%	EDE	0.61%
DES	0.56%	RES	0.43%	EST	0.42%	ELA	0.41%
EME	0.41%	ELE	0.41%	SDE	0.4%	ION	0.39%
LLE	0.38%	ERE	0.37%	TRE	0.37%	ESE	0.37%
ANT	0.37%	MEN	0.36%	OUR	0.35%	AIT	0.34%
DEL	0.33%	UNE	0.33%	NTE	0.32%	PAR	0.31%
EUR	0.3%	ESD	0.3%	TIO	0.29%	TDE	0.28%
IEN	0.28%	ESA	0.28%	ONT	0.28%	QUI	0.27%
SSE	0.27%	ANS	0.27%	ITE	0.27%	IRE	0.26%
SLE	0.26%	ESP	0.25%	CON	0.25%	SON	0.25%
ESS	0.25%	ONS	0.25%	NDE	0.25%	ECO	0.24%
TES	0.24%	ATI	0.24%	EQU	0.23%	DAN	0.23%
AIS	0.23%	IQU	0.22%	ETE	0.22%	TER	0.22%
CHE	0.22%	OND	0.21%	ELL	0.21%	IER	0.21%
RLE	0.21%	ESC	0.21%	TLE	0.21%	TEN	0.2%
PRE	0.2%	INE	0.2%	UEL	0.2%	EAU	0.2%
NES	0.2%	POU	0.2%	ILL	0.2%	URE	0.2%
ISE	0.2%	CES	0.2%	EET	0.2%	SQU	0.2%
SEN	0.2%	ETA	0.19%	OUS	0.19%	SET	0.19%
ESO	0.19%	ECE	0.19%	EPA	0.19%	NCE	0.19%
TOU	0.19%	SES	0.19%	DEC	0.19%	COM	0.19%
ONN	0.19%	NNE	0.18%	ERA	0.18%	REN	0.18%
NTD	0.17%	SER	0.17%	URS	0.17%	MME	0.17%
NTA	0.17%	ALE	0.17%	ETR	0.16%	OUT	0.16%
RAI	0.16%	RAN	0.16%	AIN	0.16%	RDE	0.16%

Source code

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Summary

Trigrams Frequency Analysis
How to analyse trigrams?
What are the most common trigrams in english?

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Keywords

trigram,three,3,character,letter,substitution

Links

Source : https://www.dcode.fr/trigrams

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